CERMi News
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August 2023
Publications by different authors
ASHTA Arvind
AUGSBURG Britta
BASTIAENSEN Johan
Bottom-Up Microfinance Plus as an Entry Point for Transformative Empowerment of Women and Climate Change Adaptation in the Smallholder Domain in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe
A Ndabaningi, HM Tirivangasi, J Bastiaensen
The Palgrave handbook of global social problems/Baikady, R.[edit.]; et al., 1-25
BIOSCA Olga
Climate Resilience Through Microfinance: Insights from Rwanda
K Helwig, O Biosca, E Christensen, M Mikulewicz, P Mugiraneza, ...
Glasgow Caledonian University
BULTE Erwin
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Short-and Medium-term Impacts of Employability Training: Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment in Rwanda
A Alcid, E Bulte, R Lensink, A Sayinzoga, M Treurniet
Journal of African Economies 32 (3), 296-328
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Incentivizing and nudging farmers to spread information: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia
S Balew, E Bulte, Z Abro, M Kassie
American Journal of Agricultural Economics 105 (3), 994-1010
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The economic impacts of house screening against malaria transmission: Experimental evidence from eastern Zambia
B Chisanga, E Bulte, M Kassie, C Mutero, F Masaninga, OP Sangoro
Social Science & Medicine 321, 115778
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Low-quality seeds, labor supply and economic returns: Experimental evidence from Tanzania
E Bulte, S Di Falco, M Kassie, X Vollenweider
The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1-33
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CABALLERO-MONTES Tristan
COPESTAKE James
COZARENCO Anastasia
Women on Boards and Performance Trade-offs in Social Enterprises: Insights from Microfinance
M Bennouri, A Cozarenco, SA Nyarko
Journal of Business Ethics, 2023• Springer
Methods and Application to Microcredit, 2023• papers.ssrn.com
DALLA PELLEGRINA Lucia
Efficiency and Outreach in the European Microfinance Sector
L Dalla Pellegrina, D Diriker, P Landoni, D Moro
University of Milan Bicocca Department of Economics, Management and …
D'ESPALLIER Bert
GUTIERREZ NIETO Begoña
Assessment of microfinance institutions and their impact: evidence from a scientometric study
Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development, 2023
• books.google.com
HARTARSKA Valentina
Scope economies from rural and urban microfinance services
V Hartarska, J Zhang, DA Nadolnyak
Southern Economic Journal 89 (4), 1138-1167
Overview of microfinance, financial inclusion, and development
R Cull, V Hartarska
Handbook of microfinance, financial inclusion and development, 2-19
LENSINK Robert
The Origins of Optimism: A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment among Microfinance Clients in Bolivia
F Cecchi, E Voermans, R Lensink
Economic Development and Cultural Change 72 (1), 000-000
Religion, social desirability bias and financial inclusion: Evidence from a list experiment on Islamic (micro-) finance
S Ahmad, R Lensink, A Mueller
Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 38, 100795
Uptake, use, and impact of Islamic savings: Evidence from a field experiment in Pakistan
S Ahmad, R Lensink, A Mueller
Journal of Development Economics 163, 103098
Does microfinance cause banking sector development and economic growth? An application to Mongolia
B Myagmar, R Lensink, W Heijman
Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development, 425-448
MERSLAND Roy
Does It Pay to be Green? A Study of the Global Microfinance Industry
LA Beisland, S Zamore, R Mersland
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 52 (3), 631-653
Female leaders and financial inclusion: Evidence from microfinance institutions
RØ Strøm, B D’Espallier, R Mersland
Review of Corporate Finance 3 (1–2), 69-97
Excessive focus on risk? Non?performing loans and efficiency of microfinance institutions
S Zamore, LA Beisland, R Mersland
International Journal of Finance & Economics 28 (2), 1290-1307
NYARKO Samuel?
Women on Boards and Performance Trade-offs in Social Enterprises: Insights from Microfinance
M Bennouri, A Cozarenco, SA Nyarko
Journal of Business Ethics, 1-34
RANDØY Trond
All in the family? The impact of founder directors and family governance on microfinance institutions' social performance
S Hossain, J Galbreath, MM Hasan, T Randøy
Corporate Governance: An International Review
SANDBERG Joakim
Toward a theory of fair interest rates on microcredit: balancing the needs of clients and institutions
M Hudon, J Sandberg
Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development, 83-98
TCHAKOUTE Hubert
Loan officer gender and loan repayment performance. Evidence from greenfield microfinance institutions in Cameroon1
H Tchakoute Tchuigoua
Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 94 (2), 519-548
Investigating the unobserved heterogeneity effect on outreach to women: lessons from microfinance institutions
FS Fall, H Tchakoute Tchuigoua, A Vanhems, L Simar
Annals of Operations Research, 1-22
Does corporate social responsibility pay? Evidence from social ratings in microfinance institutions
C Simo, HT Tchuigoua, J Nzongang
Technological Forecasting and Social Change 187, 122180
July 2023
Working Paper
A. Charpin, Ariane Szafarz & Ilan Tojerow - Available at SSRN 4508966, 2023
Female property is recognised as a notable factor for social and economic development. Strikingly, while the corporate governance literature pays great attention to the impact of female board members, gendered corporate ownership remains a blind spot. This paper unpacks the link between female ownership and CEO’s gender with firm-level data on 5,727 African companies. Our results suggest that the chief executives of firms with female shareholder(s) are more likely to be women. This link holds regardless of the size of female shareholdings, but it is more pronounced if women hold a larger share of the firm and if the control stakes of female shareholders in the company are higher. The main takeaway is that "old boys’ club" ownership structures can hamper the empowerment of female talent at the top of corporations.
July 2023
Publication
Frontline Employees’ Job Satisfaction in Microfinance Institutions: Scale Development and Validation.
Eddy Balemba Kanyurhi, Deogratias Bugandwa Mungu Akonkwa, Patrick Murhula Cubaka et Willem Bitakuya MBONEKUBE (2023). Finance Contrôle Stratégie, (26-2).
Studies that measure frontline employee job satisfaction in microfinance institutions (MFIs) are still scarce. The present study fills this gap and develops a measurement scale for MFIs’ frontline employees. Data were collected from 226 and 419 frontline employees from 50 and 53 MFIs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These data were processed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results confirm that employee job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct with 10 factors. The scale was found to be reliable and valid, suggesting that the measure of job satisfaction has to be context and sector specific.
June 2023
Publication
The changing role of banks in the financial system: social versus conventional banks.
By Simon Cornée, Anastasia Cozarenco & Ariane Szafarz (2023).
In Sustainable finance and ESG: Risk, management, regulations, and implications for financial institutions (pp. 1-25). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Social banks have emerged as a new group of banks that call themselves as “alternative”, “ethical”, “sustainable”, and “value-based”. Their small market share increases at a rapid pace and is still expected to grow in the future. Social banks are institutions with both (at least some) activities of financial intermediation and one or several non-financial missions, typically based on environmental and social values. By unpacking the observable, real-life differences between social banks and conventional banks, this chapter paves the way to theorizing the multidimensional characteristics of social banks within the global banking industry. Business models, governance issues, lending technologies, and social outcomes appear to be key aspects to understand how innovative, value-based, social banks work and how they might one day substantively affect mainstream banking business.
May 2023
Publication
15. Financial inclusion in high-income countries: gender gap or poverty trap?.
By Anastasia Cozarenco & Ariane Szafarz (2023). Escalation Management in International Crises: The United States and its Adversaries, 272.
Little is known about the determinants of financial inclusion in high-income countries. Using the Findex dataset, we focus on two regions: The Euro area and North America. In the Euro area, access to financial services can be challenging for women, while in North America, poor households are particularly underserved. This chapter explores potential explanatory factors for the gender and poverty gaps in these two regions. As expected, the region-wise poverty gaps in financial inclusion are aligned with inequality measures. Yet, the factors connected with gender gaps are less intuitive. Our analysis shows that gender gaps in financial inclusion are related more to gendered labor-market characteristics than to institutional gender discrimination. This evidence suggests a link between financial inclusion and the need for consumption smoothing. We therefore speculate that, in high-income countries, gendered financial exclusion is driven more by demand-side factors than by supply-side ones.
April 2023
Publication
The process of organizational identification in social enterprises: The role of coalitions.
By Cécile Godfroid & Marc Labie (2023). European Management Review.
This paper offers a detailed and systemic representation of the process of organizational identification in social enterprises, and a better understanding of how individuals position themselves in these organizations. We highlight that identification in social enterprises is the result of the interplay between the multiple identities of the individuals who take part in coalitions defending different institutional logics. Identification will depend on whether or not it is easy for the individual to find a coalition that corresponds to him or her, and on whether or not the ideas of this coalition are dominant. The relative size of the various coalitions among the staff and the way they evolve will have a clear impact on what the dominant logic of the social enterprise will be.
March 2023
Publication
Toward a theory of fair interest rates on microcredit: balancing the needs of clients and institutions.
By Marek Hudon & Joachim Sandberg (2023). In Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development (pp. 83-98). Edward Elgar Publishing.
One of the most salient debates concerning microcredit pertains to the unexpectedly high rates of interest charged on microloans - rates which frequently are deemed usurious by outside parties. Microcredit is supposed to be to the advantage of poor borrowers, but at the same time microfinance institutions face comparably high costs. This chapter seeks to give theoretical input into the debate on fairness in microcredit interest rates. By drawing on both contemporary discussions in the industry as well as abstract philosophical perspectives on fairness, we classify and theorise four conceptions about fairness in interest rates and pinpoint their limitations. We finally argue for a combination of consequentialist and rights-based concerns which seeks to balance the needs of clients and institutions. We also draw out some practical implications of this view for both microfinance institutions and governments.
Tuesday, February 28, 2023
Interview and publication
A dialogue on the future of microfinance and international development, an interview of Jonathan Morduch conducted by Marc Labie
Published in Mondes en développement 2022/3-4 (n° 199-200), p. 419-434
What has been learned over the last fifty years about microfinance shows that being too simplistic can be unconvincing. Financial inclusion policies and practices have a role to play in order to help poor households facing the challenges of daily life. Microfinance is also seen as way to empower women, and to support the development of rural and agricultural communities. Is the impact of microfinance really over-stated? Which role microfinance and financial inclusion have to play in development?
This conversation tries to pinpoint the key issues to keep in mind. Jonathan Morduch (Professor at NYU, ULB Doctor Honoris Causa), one of the most respected academics in the field of microfinance and financial inclusion, is interviewed by Marc Labie, CERMi codirector, to identify the challenges that microfinance and financial inclusion policies must face. From microcredit to financial health, Jonathan Morduch gives us his perception of what the future of this field could be.
Monday, February 06, 2023
Publication
Influence of international ownership on the performance of local social enterprises: Evidence from the global microfinance industry
By Kwame Ohene Djan, Samuel Anokye Nyarko, Roy Mersland, Leif Atle Beisland, Linda Nakato
International ownership positively impacts the social performance of social enterprises at the expense of financial performance. International owners mostly use their resources and controlling rights to improve social performance at the expense of financial performance. Current ownership theories do not address how the multidimensional utility function might affect the governance and financing of a social enterprise. There is a need to develop theories for firms with conflicting objectives.
Thursday, February 02, 2023
Call for Papers
The European Microfinance Network (EMN) has launched the call for papers for the European Microfinance Research Award 2023.
Thanks to the support of the European Investment Fund, EMN offers a EUR 2,000 prize to the winner who’ll be also invited to attend the EMN Annual Conference in Paris (14-16 June 2023).
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: the role of microfinance to support vulnerable populations (in particular women, migrants and young people) and social entrepreneurs, evidence on the impact of microfinance, the role played by innovative financial technologies in facilitating financial inclusion and (social) entrepreneurship, and the importance and usefulness of non-financial services offered to clients. For this edition, papers exploring the role of green inclusive finance in ensuring a just transition in Europe will be especially valued. Papers eligible for selection should present ongoing or finalised research on issues related to inclusive finance in European countries.
To participate, researchers need to send their abstracts by Thursday, 9th March 2023. All relevant information on how to participate to the Award are available on this dedicated page on the EMN website. See also:
LinkedIn
Twitter
Facebook
Thursday, January 19, 2023
Publication 
Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development
Elgar Handbooks in Development
Edited by Valentina Hartarska, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, and Department of Finance, Auburn University, US and Robert Cull, Development Research Group, The World Bank, US.
This timely Handbook collates a range of evidence from top scholars in the field to help readers understand who microfinance reaches, how it helps, and why clients come back. It offers updated views on important concepts that enable a broader framework for understanding poverty and the corresponding financial needs of poor households.
‘This is an outstanding collection of contributions from some of the most highly-respected researchers in the field of microfinance. It provides an excellent overview of the evidence on the success and limitations of microfinance and addresses important topics such as gender and finance, digital finance, and financial literacy. A must-read for anyone interested in microfinance.’
– Niels Hermes, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
‘An impressive collection of articles on many important aspects of microfinance; written by experts in the field and providing a unique and comprehensive overview of where microfinance stands in the 2020s.’
– Thorsten Beck, European University Institute, Italy
Thursday, November 03, 2022
Publication
The Informal Sector and the Environment
Edited By Ranjula Bali Swain & Uma Kambhampati
The informal economy – broadly defined as economic activity that is not subject to government regulation or taxation – sustains a large part of the world's workforce. It is a diverse, complex and growing area of activity. However, being largely unregulated, its impact on the environment has not been closely scrutinised or analysed.
This edited volume demonstrates that the informal sector is a major source of environmental pollution and a major reason behind the environmental degradation accompanying the expansion of economic activity in developing countries. Environmental regulation and economic incentive policies are difficult to implement in this sector because economic units are unregistered, geographically dispersed and difficult to identify. Moreover, given their limited capital base, they cannot afford to pay pollution fees or install pollution abating equipment. Informal manufacturing units often operate under unscientific and unhealthy conditions, further contributing to polluting the environment. The book emphasizes and examines these challenges, and their solutions, encountered in various sectors of the informal economy, including urban waste pickers, small-scale farmers, informal workers, home-based workers, street vendors, and more. If the informal sector is to "Leave no one behind" (as the Sustainable Development Goals promise) and contribute to "inclusive growth" (an objective of the green economy), then its impact on the economy as well as the environment has to be carefully considered.
This book marks a significant contribution to the literature on both the informal economy and sustainable development, and will be of great interest to readers in economics, geography, politics, environment studies and public policy more broadly.
Friday, October 21, 2022
Publication
Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)
SIMON CORNEE, MARC JEGERS & ARIANE SZAFARZ
Feasible Institutions of Social Finance: A Taxonomy
This paper unpacks the continuum of social finance institutions (SFIs), ranging from foundations offering pure grants to social banks supplying soft loans. The in-between category includes quasi-foundations granting loans requiring partial repayment. In our model, SFIs maximize their social contribution arising from financing successful social projects, under a budget constraint dictated by their funders. We determine the feasibility of each SFI category. Quasi-foundations appear to be efficient and adapted to low market rates. However, reciprocity from SFI borrowers can elicit a so-called hold-up effect, whereby the SFI charges a high interest rate to its loyal clients.
Tuesday, September 20, 2022
Activity Report
Discover our 2021 Activity Report ! 
What you'll find in this edition : Update on our members, seminars in 2021... Awards and prizes and editorial positions of our members...2021 publications by CERMi members as well as conferences...
...and more !
Thursday, September 1, 2022
CERMi Seminar
CERMi is pleased to invite you to the seminar 
Thursday, June 9, 2022
Publication
American Economic Association
MARIE BRIERE, JAMES POTERBA & ARIANE SZAFARZ
Precautionary Liquidity and Retirement Saving
This paper argues that role modeling can explain the impact of boardroom gender diversity on corporate performance. It theorizes that female workers are boosted by female leadership, gain increased motivation, and achieve greater productivity, thereby making their female directors more effective. We test this bottom–up approach to the trickle-down hypothesis on data hand-collected among local cooperatives providing microcredit in Senegal. All the organizations surveyed are similar and small, which allows us to use a homogenous performance metric. All of them outsource their human resource management to the same third party, which mitigates the risk of endogeneity. The data cover over 100,000 triads composed of gender dominance on the board, gender of CEO, and gender of credit officer. A better financial performance is achieved when the triad is gender-uniform—be it male or female—confirming the importance of role modeling and suggesting that the performance of female board members depends on the gender composition of the workforce.
Thursday, May 12, 2022
Publication
Small Business Economics
ANAIS PERILLEUX & ARIANE SZAFARZ
Women in the boardroom: a bottom–up approach to the trickle-down effect
This paper argues that role modeling can explain the impact of boardroom gender diversity on corporate performance. It theorizes that female workers are boosted by female leadership, gain increased motivation, and achieve greater productivity, thereby making their female directors more effective. We test this bottom–up approach to the trickle-down hypothesis on data hand-collected among local cooperatives providing microcredit in Senegal. All the organizations surveyed are similar and small, which allows us to use a homogenous performance metric. All of them outsource their human resource management to the same third party, which mitigates the risk of endogeneity. The data cover over 100,000 triads composed of gender dominance on the board, gender of CEO, and gender of credit officer. A better financial performance is achieved when the triad is gender-uniform—be it male or female—confirming the importance of role modeling and suggesting that the performance of female board members depends on the gender composition of the workforce.
Friday, March 11, 2022
Working Paper
WP CEBRIG 22-002
SIMON CORNEE, ANASTASIA COZARENCO, ARIANE SZAFARZ
The Changing Role of Banks in the Financial System: Social versus Conventional Banks
Social banks have emerged as a new group of banks that call themselves as “alternative”, “ethical”, “sustainable”, and “value-based”. Their small market share increases at a rapid pace and is still expected to grow in the future. Social banks are institutions with both (at least some) activities of financial intermediation and one or several non-financial missions, typically based on environmental and social values. By unpacking the observable, real-life differences between social banks and conventional banks, this chapter paves the way to theorizing the multidimensional characteristics of social banks within the global banking industry. Business models, governance issues, lending technologies; and social outcomes appear to be key aspects to understand how innovative, value-based, social banks work and how they might one day substantively affect mainstream banking business.
Monday, March 7, 2022
Working Paper
WP CEBRIG 22-001
ANASTASIA COZARENCO, VALENTINA HARTARSKA, ARIANE SZAFARZ
The costs and benefits of subsidized microfinance are still controversial. We utilize a cost-function estimation approach that accounts for the double bottom line (social and financial) of microfinance institutions (MFIs) to evaluate how subsidies affect both cost efficiency and risk of mission drift. We control for endogenous self-selection into the business models of credit-only versus credit-plus-deposit. Our results suggest that MFIs that both supply loans and collect deposits need no subsidies to be cost-efficient. In addition, subsidies to these MFIs are associated with an increase in deposit size, which might hurt the most disadvantaged depositors. In sum, combining subsidized funds from donors with deposits increases the risk of mission drift, and can therefore be socially undesirable.
Monday, February 07, 2022
Publication
Discover our 17th CERMi Newsletter !
What you'll find in this edition :
Latest events at CERMi
Awards and prizes
Recent publications by CERMi members
Read all previous news...